அறிவியலும் மனித வாழ்வும்#ariviyalum manitha vazhvum#tamil4th sem#tamilum ariviyalum#Dr.S. Prabavathi

Notes on "அறிவியலும் மனித வாழ்வும்" (Science and Human Life)

**Video Summary:** This video, a lecture for a 4th-semester Tamil course, explores the intersection of science and human life, particularly within the context of Tamil culture and history. It defines science as the understanding and application of natural phenomena, emphasizing the practical and applied aspects of science in daily life. The lecture covers various scientific fields (agriculture, mathematics, technology, medicine, and economics), citing examples from ancient Tamil literature and practices to demonstrate the deep-rooted scientific knowledge of the Tamils.

**Key Takeaways:**

* Science is fundamentally about understanding and utilizing the natural world for human benefit.

* The ancient Tamils possessed a sophisticated understanding of various scientific disciplines, evident in their literature and practices.

* The lecture divides the relationship between science and human life into five key areas: agricultural science, mathematical science, technological science, medical science, and economic science.

* Examples from Tamil literature like *Tholkappiyam* and Sangam poems illustrate early scientific concepts related to the origin of the universe, classification of living beings, weather patterns, and various technological and medical practices.

* The video emphasizes the practical, applied nature of science throughout human history, including in the context of Tamil civilization.

**Detailed Notes:**

**I. Introduction (0:00:00 - 0:00:39)**

* The video is a lecture for UG Tamil 4th Semester, focusing on the "Tamilum Ariviyalum" (Tamil and Science) curriculum.

* The specific topic is "Ariviyalum Manitha Vazhvum" (Science and Human Life), exploring the relationship between science and human existence.

* Science is defined as investigating the world and using it effectively.

**II. Defining Science and its Evolution (0:00:39 - 0:01:27)**

* The word "science" ("Ariviyal" in Tamil) is derived from "Arivu" (knowledge) and "Arithal" (to know/understand).

* Science, in modern times, is divided into separate fields such as social science, political science, and technical science.

* However, science has always been applied in human life, especially in practical ways ("Applied Science").

* Examples include fire, the wheel, pottery, agriculture.

**III. The Wide Scope of Scientific Disciplines (0:01:27 - 0:02:03)**

* A wide range of sciences has developed: geology, environmental science, construction, botany, zoology, ornithology, astronomy, planetary science, metallurgy, psychology, linguistics, arts, cultural studies, sports science, medical science, and more.

* Science encompasses the study and understanding of human life.

* All these areas are researched, understood, and now are presented to us as science.

**IV. Science and Basic Human Needs (0:02:03 - 0:02:18)**

* The fundamental needs of human life: food, clothing, shelter.

* Science becomes essential for meeting these needs.

**V. Science in Meeting Basic Needs (0:02:18 - 0:03:00)**

* **Food:** Agricultural technology arose to meet food needs.

* **Measurement and Distribution:** Mathematics was crucial for accounting for produce and transporting it.

* **Transportation:** Developed transport technology.

* **Communication:** Language-based science was necessary for communication and exchange.

* **Clothing:** Textile sciences emerged to fulfil clothing needs.

* **Shelter:** Architecture science was developed to satisfy shelter needs.

**VI. Early Tamil Scientific Thought (0:03:00 - 0:03:21)**

* Early human's researched the origin of the world.

* Evidence found in Sangam literature.

* *Tholkappiyam* provides further insight, specifically mentioning how the world was formed.

* World formed by the five elements.

**VII. Tholkappiyam's Contribution to Science (0:03:21 - 0:03:59)**

* "Science" comes from knowledge and understanding.

* *Tholkappiyam* provides a classification of living beings based on their levels of sensory perception.

* Categorized lifeforms from single-sense organisms to six-sense humans.

**VIII. Five Categories of Science in Human Life (0:03:59 - 0:04:25)**

* Agricultural Science

* Mathematical Science

* Technological Science

* Medical Science

* Economic Science

**IX. Detailed Examination of each of the five areas (0:04:25 - 0:13:10)**

* **1. Agricultural Science (0:04:25 - 0:07:01)**

* Human transitioned from hunter-gatherers to agricultural societies.

* Agriculture involves modifying the environment using plants and animals.

* Soil science is essential to agriculture.

* Development of agricultural tools (stone, metal tools).

* Water science is important to agriculture.

* Ancient Tamil's knowledge of the water cycle, evident in their literature and understanding of weather patterns.

* Cited example, *"Kadai Mugandu Konda...* indicating the understanding of water being lifted by the ocean and then raining, understanding of weather patterns.

* Weather patterns also.

* Techniques used in agriculture like crop rotation, etc.

* **2. Mathematical Science (0:07:01 - 0:08:42)**

* Includes language science, number science, and astronomy.

* Language science is systematically studying a language, understanding how letters are made and how they form words and how they change.

* *Tholkappiyam* explains the origin and pronunciation of sounds and letters ("Udin...").

* Number science and the usage of numbers in measurement, weight, and counting.

* Numbers used in poems.

* Lower and higher numbers and how numbers were used to measure and count, etc.

* **3. Technological Science (0:10:09 - 0:11:45)**

* The expansion of human needs led to the development of technology.

* Examples include the wheel, pottery.

* Development of the wheel, wheel used for making pottery and construction.

* Wheel was also important for transportation.

* Technological advancements in sea, air, and land transportation.

* Quoted from *Purananooru* (11:04), "Valavan...".

* Example: boat, ship.

* Construction science to build houses and palaces.

* **4. Medical Science (0:11:45 - 0:13:07)**

* Involved the study of the human body from birth to death.

* Ancient Tamil Siddhas practiced medical science.

* *Thirumandiram* by Thirumular is a prime example of knowledge.

* Example of surgical practice to replace organ etc.

* Example of stitching a wound in *Pathitrupathu*.

* Example of medicinal uses of herbs to stop infection and prevent disease.

* Home remedies were the basis of medical practice (local medicine).

* **5. Economic Science (0:13:07 - 0:14:06)**

* The science of trade in ancient Tamil culture.

* King distributes resources after winning a war.

* Role of government in taxation and managing resources.

* List of taxes: *Irai, Thirai, Irai, Puravu, Kadamai, Kudimai, Aayam, Kundi, Uruporul, Uzhupporul, Theruporul.*

* The video also discussed about how to earn money, spend money and save it.

**X. Conclusion (0:14:06 - 0:14:27)**

* Summary of the five areas: Agricultural Science, Mathematical Science, Technological Science, Medical Science, and Economic Science, and their sub-divisions.

* Concluding remarks and an announcement of the next lecture.