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Volleyball Rules: A Summary for Primary School Students

**1. Summary:**

This video provides an introduction to the basic rules of volleyball for primary school students. It covers the game's history, fundamental principles, how to score points, the dimensions of the court, the net, the ball, team composition, player positions, libero rules, rotation, serving rules, substitutions, and the roles of the referees.

**2. Key Takeaways:**

* Volleyball is a team sport where players hit a ball over a net to score points.

* Teams can only hit the ball three times before sending it over the net.

* A game is won by winning three sets.

* Players rotate positions on the court.

* The Libero is a special defensive player.

**3. Detailed Notes:**

**3.1. Introduction & History:**

* Volleyball was created in 1895 by William Morgan, a physical education teacher.

* It arrived in Poland in 1919.

**3.2. Basic Gameplay:**

* Teams use any part of the body to hit the ball, mainly with their hands.

* The goal is to hit the ball over the net so that it touches the opponent's side of the court.

* Each team can hit the ball a maximum of three times.

* Points are scored when the ball touches the opponent's court, when they make an error (e.g., hitting the ball out of bounds), or when they fail to return the ball.

* A team wins when they win three sets.

* Sets are played to 25 points, with a two-point advantage needed to win (e.g., 25-23).

* In the fifth set, a team plays to 15 points with a two-point advantage.

**3.3. The Court:**

* The court is a rectangle, 18 meters long and 9 meters wide.

* The sidelines and end lines define the court boundaries.

* A center line divides the court into two halves.

* Attack zone, 3 meters away from the center line.

* The service zone is 9 meters wide.

**3.4. The Net:**

* The net is placed in the center of the court.

* The top of the net is 2.43 meters high for men and 2.24 meters high for women.

* Antennas are attached to the net.

**3.5. The Ball:**

* The ball is made of soft leather.

* It has a circumference of 65-67 cm.

* It weighs between 260-280 grams.

* The standard size for volleyball is 5.

**3.6. Teams and Players:**

* A volleyball team has 14 players, but 6 play on the court at a time.

* **Player Positions:**

* **Outside Hitter/Receiver:** Plays defense, receives serves, and attacks.

* **Attacker:** Finishes the attack after the ball is set.

* **Middle Blocker:** Blocks and attacks.

* **Setter:** Sets the ball and responsible for offense.

* **Libero:** Special defensive player, easily recognizable by their different uniform.

* **Libero Rules:**

* Plays in the back row.

* Cannot attack the ball if it is above the net.

* Cannot block or attempt to block.

* Cannot set the ball overhand from the front zone.

* Libero substitutions do not count toward the team's total substitution count.

**3.7. Rotation:**

* The coach provides the starting lineup at the beginning of each set.

* Players rotate clockwise when the team wins the serve back.

**3.8. Serving:**

* The serve is how the ball is put into play.

* There are overhand and underhand serves.

* The serve must be made from the service zone.

* The server must contact the ball within 8 seconds of the referee's whistle.

**3.9. Substitutions:**

* Teams can make a maximum of six substitutions per set.

* A player can only return to the position they left.

**3.10. Referees:**

* **First Referee:** Located at the net.

* **Second Referee:** Supports the first referee.

* **Scorer:** Manages the score and substitutions.

* **Line Judges:** Responsible for calls on the lines.